Фармакогенетические предикторы метаболических нарушений при применении клозапина
Аннотация
Около трети пациентов с шизофренией имеют проявления терапевтической резистентности. Золотой стандарт лечения таких больных — назначение клозапина. Наиболее распространенными нежелательными лекарственными реакциями на этот препарат являются метаболические нарушения, которые встречаются более чем у половины пациентов. В данной обзорной статье изложены результаты клинических исследований, посвященных изучению фармакогенетических предикторов метаболических нарушений у пациентов, принимающих клозапин. При написании обзора использовались рекомендации PRISMA. В настоящее время на метаболические нарушения при приеме клозапина изучено влияние следующих полиморфизмов генов: CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, ABCB1, ABCC1 и UGT1A4. К наиболее изученным вариантам относятся rs762551 CYP1A2, rs1045642 ABCB1 и rs4244285 CYP2C19. Результаты по другим полиморфизмам малочисленны и противоречивы. Все исследования, включенные в настоящий обзор, имеют существенные ограничения. Необходимо проводить новые исследования с более строгим проспективным дизайном, а также комплексной оценкой генетических, эпигенетических, фармакокинетических и других факторов. Именно такой подход позволит не только более точно спрогнозировать метаболические побочные эффекты, но и пролить свет на патогенетические механизмы их развития.
Ключевые слова
клозапин, метаболические нарушения, метаболический синдром, полиморфизмы генов, антипсихотики, терапевтическая резистентность, шизофрения
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