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№ 1 (2022)

ПСИХОФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ

Влияние курения на течение и прогноз биполярного расстройства

https://doi.org/10.21265/PSYPH.2022.60.1.001

Опубликован 2022-03-30

  • А. Грунце
    • ,
  • К. Борн
    • ,
  • Х. Грунце

А. Грунце
Психиатрический центр Северного Бадена

К. Борн
Психиатрическая больница города Швебиш-Халль, Медицинский университет Парацельса

Х. Грунце
Психиатрическая больница города Швебиш-Халль, Медицинский университет Парацельса

Аннотация

Актуальность. Табакокурение является одной из главных причин ухудшения здоровья и ранней смертности. Несмотря на то, что частота курения в общей популяции постепенно снижается, она остается высокой среди пациентов с психическими расстройствами. Данный обзор освещает вопросы эпидемиологии, последствий и лечения синдрома зависимости от табака (СЗТ) или никотиновой зависимости (НЗ) у пациентов с биполярным расстройством (БР).

Материалы и методы. Обзор включал в себя поиск работ в базе данных Medline, опубликованных с 1970 по 2021 год, осуществлявшийся с помощью ключевых терминов MeSH “Bipolar Disorder” и “Smoking” или “Nicotine” или “tobacco”.  Результаты поиска дополнялись работами, изученными в ходе анализа списков литературы найденных исследований и печатных рукописей.

Результаты. Распространенность курения на протяжении жизни, а также в поперечных исследованиях у пациентов с БР варьировалась от 45 до 75%, что 2-3 раза превышает показатели в общей популяции. СЗТ или НЗ оказывали негативное влияние как на психическое, а так и на физическое здоровье пациентов с БР. В связи с отсутствием крупных контролируемых исследований у пациентов с БР в сочетании с СЗТ или НЗ фармакологическую терапию каждой патологии рекомендуется проводить независимо, согласно клиническим рекомендациям. Психосоциальные вмешательства, рекомендуемые общественными службами охраны психического здоровья для лечения СЗТ и НЗ, по-видимому, также могут использоваться у пациентов с БР, также, как и психотерапия, включая когнитивно-поведенческую терапию (КПТ) и терапию принятия и ответственности (ТПО).

Заключение. Курение является модифицируемым фактором риска, оказывающим существенное негативное влияние на психическое и физическое здоровье пациентов с БР, терапия которого заслуживает отдельного внимания. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования, касающиеся выбора оптимальной фармакотерапии и психотерапии у пациентов с БР в сочетании с СЗТ или НЗ.

Ключевые слова

биполярное расстройство, мания, никотин, курение, табак, депрессия

Summary (English)/PDF

Библиографические ссылки

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