Перейти к главному меню навигации Перейти к основному контенту Перейти к нижнему колонтитулу сайта

Роль кишечного микробиома в формировании терапевтически резистентной депрессии (нарративный обзор)

Аннотация

Терапевтически резистентная депрессия (ТРД) представляет собой серьезную медико-социальную проблему. В нарративном обзоре обобщены и проанализированы современные данные, раскрывающие роль кишечного микробиома в формировании и поддержании ТРД. Показано, что наряду с общим дисбиозом, ассоциированным с депрессией, существует специфический «микробный профиль резистентности», характеризующийся снижением альфа-разнообразия, дисбалансом определенных таксонов и нарушением метаболизма нейроактивных молекул. Патогенетически значимая роль микробиома в формировании резистентности подтверждается экспериментальными исследованиями с трансплантацией фекальной микробиоты, демонстрирующими передачу фенотипа ТРД. Ключевыми патофизиологическими механизмами служат индуцированное дисбиозом нейровоспаление, метаболический и нейротрансмиттерный дисбаланс, а также подавление нейропластичности. В качестве интегрирующей гипотезы предложена модель ригидности микробиома, которая связывает устойчивость патологического состояния с неспособностью микробного сообщества к адаптивной перестройке, необходимой для формирования терапевтического ответа. Проанализированы потенциальные стратегии, нацеленные на повышение пластичности микробиома, включая таргетные пробиотики, диетические интервенции, антимикробные препараты, трансплантацию фекальной микробиоты и инновационные биотехнологии. Определены основные ограничения существующей доказательной базы, обозначены приоритетные направления для будущего научного поиска. Результаты обзора формируют теоретическую основу для разработки микробиом-ориентированных подходов в качестве нового патогенетического направления в лечении ТРД.

Ключевые слова

терапевтически резистентная депрессия, кишечный микробиом, ось «кишечник–мозг», нейровоспаление, нейропластичность, модуляция микробиома

PDF

Библиографические ссылки

  1. Мосолов С.Н. Клиническое применение современных антидепрессантов. – СПб.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 1995. – 568 с.
  2. Мазо Г.Э., Незнанов Н.Г., Крижановский А.С. Модели для оценки терапевтически резистентных депрессий // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуски. – 2015. – Т. 115, № 1–2. – С. 31–35. – https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20151151231-35
  3. Gaynes B.N., Lux L., Gartlehner G. et al. Defining treatment-resistant depression // Depress Anxiety. – 2020. – Vol. 37 (2). – Pp. 134–145. – https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22968
  4. Kubitz N., Vossen C., Papadimitropoulou K. et al. The Prevalence and disease burden of treatment-resistant depression – A systematic review of the literature // Value Health. – 2014. – Vol. 17 (7). – Pp. A455–A456. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1247
  5. Zhdanava M., Pilon D., Ghelerter I. et al. The Prevalence and national burden of treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder in the United States // J Clin Psychiatry. – 2021. – Vol. 82 (2). – Art. 20m13699. – https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.20m13699
  6. Алфимов П.В., Костюкова Е.Г., Мосолов С.Н. Современные методы преодоления терапевтической резистентности при рекуррентной депрессии // Биологические методы терапии психических расстройств. Доказательная медицина – клинической практике. – М.: Социально-политическая мысль, 2012. – С. 438–473.
  7. Мосолов С.Н. Современные биологические гипотезы рекуррентной депрессии (обзор) // Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. – 2012. – Т. 112, № 11-2. – С. 29–40.
  8. Попов М.Ю. Коморбидная соматическая патология как предпосылка терапевтической резистентности при депрессии. Сообщение 1: Механизмы формирования резистентности // Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева. – 2016. – № 4. – С. 66–72.
  9. Мазо Г.Э., Кибитов А.О., Рукавишников Г.В. и др. Терапевтическая резистентность при депрессии как объект междисциплинарного биомедицинского исследования // Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. – 2017. – Т. 27, № 4. – С. 70–80.
  10. Kajumba M.M., Kakooza-Mwesige A., Nakasujja N. et al. Treatment-resistant depression: Molecular mechanisms and management // Mol Biomed. – 2024. – Vol. 5 (1). – Art. 43. – https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-024-00205-y
  11. Wilkowska A., Szałach Ł.P., Cubała W.J. Gut microbiota in depression: A focus on ketamine // Front Behav Neurosci. – 2021. – Vol. 15. – Art. 693362. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.693362
  12. Hashimoto K. Neuroinflammation through the vagus nerve-dependent gut-microbiota-brain axis in treatment-resistant depression // Prog Brain Res. – 2023. – Vol. 278. – Pp. 61–77. – https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.01.003
  13. Gao M., Kirk M., Lash E. et al. Evaluating the efficacy and mechanisms of a ketogenic diet as adjunctive treatment for people with treatment-resistant depression: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial // J Psychiatr Res. – 2024. – Vol. 174. – Pp. 230–236. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.023
  14. Simpson C.A., Diaz-Arteche C., Eliby D. et al. The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression – A systematic review // Clin Psychol Rev. – 2021. – Vol. 83. – Art. 101943. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101943
  15. Yao H., Zhang D., Yu H. et al. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review // Physiol Behav. – 2023. – Vol. 260. – Art. 114056. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056
  16. Patel R.A., Panche A.N., Harke S.N. Gut microbiome-gut brain axis-depression: Interconnection // World J Biol Psychiatry. – 2025. – Vol. 26 (1). – Pp. 1–36. – https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2024.2436854
  17. Mundula T., Baldi S., Gerace E. et al. Role of the intestinal microbiota in the genesis of major depression and the response to antidepressant drug therapy: A narrative review // Biomedicines. – 2023. – Vol. 11 (2). – Art. 550. – https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020550
  18. Liu L., Wang H., Chen X. et al. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: From pathogenesis to treatment // E Bio Medicine. – 2023. – Vol. 90. – Art. 104527. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104527
  19. Xie Y., Zhu H., Yuan Y. et al. Baseline gut microbiota profiles affect treatment response in patients with depression // Front Microbiol. – 2024. – Vol. 15. – Art. 1429116. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1429116
  20. Barandouzi Z.A., Starkweather A.R., Henderson W.A. et al. Altered composition of gut microbiota in depression: A systematic review // Front Psychiatry. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – Art. 541. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00541
  21. Averina O.V., Zorkina Y.A., Yunes R.A. et al. Bacterial metabolites of human gut microbiota correlating with depression // Int J Mol Sci. – 2020. – Vol. 21 (23). – Art. 9234. – https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239234
  22. Sun N., Zhang J., Wang J. et al. Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis // Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. – 2022. – Vol. 76 (7). – Pp. 321–328. – https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13368
  23. Bharwani A., Bala A., Surette M. et al. Gut microbiome patterns associated with treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder // Can J Psychiatry. – 2020. – Vol. 65 (4). – Pp. 278–280. – https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719900464
  24. Wang Y., Zhou J., Ye J. et al. Multi-omics reveal microbial determinants impacting the treatment outcome of antidepressants in major depressive disorder // Microbiome. – 2023. – Vol. 11 (1). – Art. 195. – https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01635-6
  25. Minichino A., Preston T., Fanshawe J.B. et al. Psycho-pharmacomicrobiomics: A systematic review and meta-analysis // Biol Psychiatry. – 2024. – Vol. 95 (7). – Pp. 611–628. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.07.019
  26. Madan A., Thompson D., Fowler J.C. et al. The gut microbiota is associated with psychiatric symptom severity and treatment outcome among individuals with serious mental illness // J Affect Disord. – 2020. – Vol. 264. – Pp. 98–106. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.020
  27. Lee S.M., Dong T.S., Krause-Sorio B. et al. The intestinal microbiota as a predictor for antidepressant treatment outcome in geriatric depression: A prospective pilot study // Int Psychogeriatr. – 2022. – Vol. 34 (1). – Pp. 33–45. – https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610221000120
  28. Tang C.F., Wang C.Y., Wang J.H. et al. Short-chain fatty acids ameliorate depressive-like behaviors of high fructose-fed mice by rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis decline and blood-brain barrier damage // Nutrients. – 2022. – Vol. 14 (9). – Art. 1882. – https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091882
  29. Chenghan M., Wanxin L., Bangcheng Z. et al. Short-chain fatty acids mediate gut microbiota-brain communication and protect the blood-brain barrier integrity // Ann N Y Acad Sci. – 2025. – Vol. 1545 (1). – Pp. 116–131. – https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15299
  30. Fontana A., Manchia M., Panebianco C. et al. Exploring the role of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder and in treatment resistance to antidepressants // Biomedicines. – 2020. – Vol. 8 (9). – Art. 311. – https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090311
  31. Kurokawa S., Tomizawa Y., Miyaho K. et al. Fecal microbial and metabolomic change during treatment course for depression: An observational study // J Psychiatr Res. – 2021. – Vol. 140. – Pp. 45–52. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.009
  32. Tomizawa Y., Kurokawa S., Ishii D. et al. Effects of psychotropics on the microbiome in patients with depression and anxiety: Considerations in a naturalistic clinical setting // Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. – 2021. – Vol. 24 (2). – Pp. 97–107. – https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyaa070
  33. Knudsen J.K., Michaelsen T.Y., Bundgaard-Nielsen C. et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation from patients with depression or healthy individuals into rats modulates mood-related behaviour // Sci Rep. – 2021. – Vol. 11 (1). – Art. 21869. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01248-9
  34. Li N., Wang Q., Wang Y. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation from chronic unpredictable mild stress mice donors affects anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in recipient mice via the gut microbiota-inflammation-brain axis // Stress. – 2019. – Vol. 22 (5). – Pp. 592–602. – https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2019.1617267
  35. Siopi E., Chevalier G., Katsimpardi L. et al. Changes in gut microbiota by chronic stress impair the efficacy of fluoxetine // Cell Rep. – 2020. – Vol. 30 (11). – Pp. 3682–3690.e6. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.099
  36. He H., He H., Mo L. et al. Priming of microglia with dysfunctional gut microbiota impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and fosters stress vulnerability of mice // Brain Behav Immun. – 2024. – Vol. 115. – Pp. 280–294. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.014
  37. Grabrucker S., Marizzoni M., Silajdžić E. et al. Microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis // Brain. – 2023. – Vol. 146 (12). – Pp. 4916–4934. – https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad303
  38. Lukić I., Getselter D., Ziv O. et al. Antidepressants affect gut microbiota and Ruminococcus flavefaciens is able to abolish their effects on depressive-like behavior // Transl Psychiatry. – 2019. – Vol. 9 (1). – Art. 133. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0466-x
  39. Palepu M.S.K., Gajula S.N.R., K M. et al. SCFAs Supplementation rescues anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes generated by fecal engraftment of treatment-resistant depression rats // ACS Chem Neurosci. – 2024. – Vol. 15 (5). – Pp. 1010–1025. – https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00727
  40. Namihira M., Inoue N., Watanabe Y. et al. Combination of 3 probiotics restores attenuated adult neurogenesis in germ-free mice // Stem Cells. – 2025. – Vol. 43 (2). – Art. sxae077. – https://doi.org/10.1093/stmcls/sxae077
  41. Palepu M.S.K., Bhalerao H.A., Sonti R. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, FOS and GOS loaded synbiotic reverses treatment-resistant depression in rats: Restoration of gut-brain crosstalk // Eur J Pharmacol. – 2024. – Vol. 983. – Art. 176960. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176960
  42. Zheng P., Yang J., Li Y. et al. Gut Microbial signatures can discriminate unipolar from bipolar depression // Adv Sci (Weinh). – 2020. – Vol. 7 (7). – Art. 1902862. – https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902862
  43. Liu L., Wang H., Zhang H. et al. Toward a deeper understanding of gut microbiome in depression: The promise of clinical applicability // Adv Sci (Weinh). – 2022. – Vol. 9 (35). – Art. e2203707. – https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202203707
  44. Skonieczna-Żydecka K., Grochans E., Maciejewska D. et al. Faecal short chain fatty acids profile is changed in polish depressive women // Nutrients. – 2018. – Vol. 10 (12). – Art. 1939. – https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121939
  45. Xia C.Y., Guo Y.X., Lian W.W. et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome in depression: Potential mechanisms and therapies // Pharmacol Res. – 2023. – Vol. 187. – Art. 106625. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106625
  46. Lauden A., Geishin A., Merzon E. et al. Higher rates of allergies, autoimmune diseases and low-grade inflammation markers in treatment-resistant major depression // Brain Behav Immun Health. – 2021. – Vol. 16. – Art. 100313. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100313
  47. Vecera C.M., Courtes A., Jones G. et al. Pharmacotherapies targeting GABA-glutamate neurotransmission for treatment-resistant depression // Pharmaceuticals (Basel). – 2023. – Vol. 16 (11). – Art. 1572. – https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16111572
  48. Li Y., Liu A., Chen K. et al. Sodium butyrate alleviates lead-induced neuroinflammation and improves cognitive and memory impairment through the ACSS2/H3K9ac/BDNF pathway // Environ Int. – 2024. – Vol. 184. – Art. 108479. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108479
  49. Rukavishnikov G., Leonova L., Kasyanov E. et al. Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study // Front Behav Neurosci. – 2023. – Vol. 17. – Art. 1132127. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132127
  50. Cussotto S., Clarke G., Dinan T.G. et al. Psychotropics and the microbiome: A chamber of secrets… // Psychopharmacology (Berl). – 2019. – Vol. 236 (5). – Pp. 1411–1432. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8
  51. Ait Chait Y., Mottawea W., Tompkins T.A. et al. Unravelling the antimicrobial action of antidepressants on gut commensal microbes // Sci Rep. – 2020. – Vol. 10 (1). – Art. 17878. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74934-9
  52. Fung T.C., Vuong H.E., Luna C.D.G. et al. Intestinal serotonin and fluoxetine exposure modulate bacterial colonization in the gut // Nat Microbiol. – 2019. – Vol. 4 (12). – Pp. 2064–2073. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0540-4
  53. Shen Y., Yang X., Li G. et al. The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment // Sci Rep. – 2021. – Vol. 11 (1). – Art. 14918. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94481-1
  54. Ye X., Wang D., Zhu H. et al. Gut microbiota changes in patients with major depressive disorder treated with vortioxetine // Front Psychiatry. – 2021. – Vol. 12. – Art. 641491. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.641491
  55. Borgiani G., Possidente C., Fabbri C. et al. The bidirectional interaction between antidepressants and the gut microbiota: Are there implications for treatment response? // Int Clin Psychopharmacol. – 2025. – Vol. 40 (1). – Pp. 3–26. – https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000533
  56. Camilleri M. Management options for irritable bowel syndrome // Mayo Clin Proc. – 2018. – Vol. 93 (12). – Pp. 1858–1872. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.04.032
  57. Varesi A., Campagnoli L.I.M., Chirumbolo S. et al. The brain-gut-microbiota interplay in depression: A key to design innovative therapeutic approaches // Pharmacol Res. – 2023. – Vol. 192. – Art. 106799. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799
  58. Duan J., Huang Y., Tan X. et al. Characterization of gut microbiome in mice model of depression with divergent response to escitalopram treatment // Transl Psychiatry. – 2021. – Vol. 11 (1). – Art. 303. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01428-1
  59. Zhang Q., Chen B., Zhang J. et al. Effect of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics on depression: Results from a meta-analysis // BMC Psychiatry. – 2023. – Vol. 23 (1). – Art. 477. – https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04963-x
  60. Asad A., Kirk M., Zhu S. et al. Effects of prebiotics and probiotics on symptoms of depression and anxiety in clinically diagnosed samples: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Nutr Rev. – 2025. – Vol. 83 (7). – Pp. e1504–e1520. – https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae177
  61. Menni A.E., Theodorou H., Tzikos G. et al. Rewiring mood: Precision psychobiotics as adjunct or stand-alone therapy in depression using insights from 19 randomized controlled trials in adults // Nutrients. – 2025. – Vol. 17 (12). – Art. 2022. – https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17122022
  62. Рукавишников Г.В., Леонова Л.В., Касьянов Е.Д., Незнанов Н.Г., Мазо Г.Э. Влияние антидепрессантов на микробиоту: неочевидные возможности // Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии имени В.М. Бехтерева. – 2021. – Т. 55, № 4. – С: 8–14. – https://doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2021-55-4-8-14
  63. Zimmermann M., Zimmermann-Kogadeeva M., Wegmann R. et al. Mapping human microbiome drug metabolism by gut bacteria and their genes // Nature. – 2019. – Vol. 570 (7762). – Pp. 462–467. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3
  64. Klünemann M., Andrejev S., Blasche S. et al. Bioaccumulation of therapeutic drugs by human gut bacteria // Nature. – 2021. – Vol. 597. – Pp. 533–538. – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03891-8
  65. Liu R.T., Walsh R.F.L., Sheehan A.E. Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials // Neurosci Biobehav Rev. – 2019. – Vol. 102. – Pp. 13–23. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023
  66. Yang Y., Yang L., Wan M. et al. Assessment of optimal combinations of therapeutic probiotics for depression, anxiety, and stress // Psychol Med. – 2024. – Vol. 54 (10). – Pp. 2547–2561. – https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724000679
  67. Swainson J., Reeson M., Malik U. et al. Diet and depression: A systematic review of whole dietary interventions as treatment in patients with depression // J Affect Disord. – 2023. – Vol. 327. – Pp. 270–278. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.094
  68. Qiu Y., Duan A., Yin Z. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of minocycline in depressive patients with or without treatment-resistant: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Front Psychiatry. – 2023. – Vol. 14. – Art. 1139273. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139273
  69. Cheng S., Zhu Z., Li H. et al. Rifaximin ameliorates depression-like behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats by regulating intestinal microbiota and hippocampal tryptophan metabolism // J Affect Disord. – 2023. – Vol. 329. – Pp. 30–41. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.086
  70. Green J.E., Berk M., Mohebbi M. et al. Feasibility, acceptability, and safety of faecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial // Can J Psychiatry. – 2023. – Vol. 68 (5). – Pp. 315–326. – https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437221150508
  71. Zhang Q., Bi Y., Zhang B. et al. Current landscape of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating depression // Front Immunol. – 2024. – Vol. 15. – Art. 1416961. – https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416961
  72. Sadhu S., Paul T., Yadav N. Therapeutic engineering of the gut microbiome using synthetic biology and metabolic tools: A comprehensive review with E. coli Nissle 1917 as a model case study // Arch Microbiol. – 2025. – Vol. 207 (9). – Art. 213. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-025-04417-w
  73. Hsu B.B., Gibson T.E., Yeliseyev V. et al. Dynamic modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolome by bacteriophages in a mouse model // Cell Host Microbe. – 2019. – Vol. 25 (6). – Pp. 803–814.e5. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.05.001
  74. Ali N., Vora C., Mathuria A. et al. Advances in CRISPR-Cas systems for gut microbiome // Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. – 2024. – Vol. 208. – Pp. 59–81. – https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.07.008
  75. Liu C., Yazdani N., Moran C.S. et al. Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics // Acta Biomater. – 2024. – Vol. 180. – Pp. 18–45. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.022

Скачивания

Данные скачивания пока недоступны.