Терапевтические стратегии коррекции повышения массы тела у пациентов с биполярным расстройством
Аннотация
Актуальность. Повышение массы тела нередко осложняет течение биполярного расстройства (БР), повышая кардиометаболические риски и способствуя преждевременной смерти. Многофакторный характер механизмов набора массы тела требует индивидуального подхода к терапии, при этом унифицированные клинические рекомендации для этой категории пациентов отсутствуют.
Цель — изучение современных терапевтических стратегий, направленных на коррекцию повышения массы тела у пациентов с БР.
Материалы и методы. Проанализированы оригинальные исследования, систематические обзоры и метаанализы, включавшие результаты исследования взрослых пациентов с подтвержденным БР и оценкой вмешательств по снижению массы тела. Поиск выполнен в базах MEDLINE/PubMed и PubMed Central без ограничения года публикации.
Результаты. Общепринятым остается поэтапный подход, включающий: 1) модификацию образа жизни, 2) фармакологическую поддержку, 3) бариатрическую хирургию. Среди фармакологических средств наиболее изучен лираглутид. При антипсихотик-индуцированном наборе массы тела ограниченные данные свидетельствуют, что переход на метаболически нейтральные антипсихотики, добавление топирамата или орлистата может снижать прибавку массы тела. Сопутствующие расстройства пищевого поведения требуют параллельной психотерапевтической коррекции.
Заключение. Несмотря на высокую распространенность ожирения при БР, крайне мало данных, посвященных коррекции набора массы тела, что обусловливает необходимость проведения дальнейших качественных исследований.
Ключевые слова
ожирение при биполярном расстройстве, терапия ожирения, снижение массы тела, коррекция антипсихотик-индуцированного набора массы тела
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