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№ 3 (2025)

ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТЕРАПИИ И ОБЗОРЫ

Перспективы применения биоимпедансометрии в мониторинге метаболических нарушений у больных шизофренией

https://doi.org/10.48612/psyph/787x-859p-1v7v

Опубликован 2025-09-30

  • А.А. Моритц
    • ,
  • Д.С. Рерих
    • ,
  • М.В. Иванов

А.А. Моритц
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева

Д.С. Рерих
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева

М.В. Иванов
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии имени В.М. Бехтерева

Аннотация

Актуальность. Метаболические нарушения, включающие ожирение, дислипидемию и инсулинорезистентность, широко распространены у пациентов с шизофренией, что связано как с самим заболеванием, так и с побочными эффектами антипсихотической терапии. Эти нарушения значительно повышают риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и снижают качество жизни пациентов.

Цель обзора — систематизация имеющихся знаний о возможностях использования биоимпедансометрии для мониторинга состава тела, раннего выявления рисков развития ожирения и других метаболических осложнений.

Материалы и методы исследования. При подготовке обзора литературы использовалось руководство нарративных обзоров CINAR. Был проведен анализ научных публикаций за последние 25 лет из баз данных PubMed и eLIBRARY.RU по ключевым словам, включая оригинальные и обзорные исследования. В итоговый анализ вошли 59 публикаций, среди которых 17 кросс-секционных, 8 лонгитюдных исследований, 8 метаанализов и 3 систематических обзора.

Результаты. Регулярный мониторинг метаболических параметров служит важным компонентом комплексного лечения шизофрении. Биоимпедансный анализ (БИА) представляет собой неинвазивный, безопасный и доступный метод оценки состава тела, позволяющий оценить процент жировой и мышечной массы, уровень гидратации и основной обмен. Преимущества БИА включают высокую точность, возможность динамического наблюдения и простоту использования в клинической практике. Результаты рассмотренных работ показывают, что у пациентов с шизофренией наблюдаются значительные изменения в составе тела, включая снижение мышечной массы, минерализацию костной ткани, а также увеличение гидратации организма.

Заключение. Внедрение биоимпедансометрии в мониторинг у пациентов с шизофренией может улучшить раннее выявление и коррекцию метаболических нарушений, способствуя снижению риска осложнений и улучшению прогноза.

Ключевые слова

шизофрения, биоимпеданс, биоимпедансометрия, метаболические нарушения, тканевый состав тела, нейровоспаление

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