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№ 3 (2023)

ПСИХОФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ

Обсессивно-компульсивная симптоматика, индуцированная применением клозапина (алгоритм коррекции)

https://doi.org/10.21265/PSYPH.2023.46.45.003

Опубликован 2023-09-30

  • Е.В. Андриенко
    • ,
  • Е.С. Мосолова

Е.В. Андриенко
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

Е.С. Мосолова
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

Аннотация

Обзорная статья посвящена оценке влияния клозапина на развитие обсессивно-компульсивной симптоматики (ОКС) у пациентов с шизофренией, а также выделению наиболее эффективных методов коррекции данного состояния. В статье проанализированы результаты 11 кросс-секционных, 5 ретроспективных исследований, 3 обзоров кросс-секционных и ретроспективных исследований, 4 систематических обзоров, включающих более 100 клинических случаев, c общей выборкой пациентов более 2000 человек. Частота развития ОКС в группе пациентов, получающих клозапин, варьировалась от 20,6 до 76 %, превышая распространенность ОКС среди пациентов с шизофренией (24 %), а также в общей популяции (1–3 %). Развитие ОКС во время терапии клозапином в большей степени ассоциировано с терапией низкими (до 200 мг/сут) и высокими (более 350 мг/сут) дозами препарата. Патогенетической основой такого эффекта клозапина, по-видимому, служит его антагонизм к 5-НТ2А- и 5-НТ2С-рецепторам и высокий коэффициент занятости 5-HT2A- по отношению к D2-рецепторам. Наиболее вероятно, что в патогенезе также задействованы и другие механизмы, рассмотренные в статье. На основе имеющихся данных литературы для пациентов с клозапин-индуцированной ОКС может быть рекомендовано изменение дозировки клозапина, присоединение к терапии арипипразола, селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина или кломипрамина в зависимости от дозировки препарата и длительности терапии. Связь между развитием ОКС и приемом клозапина, а также других антипсихотиков второго поколения (АВП) с преимущественно антисеротонинергическим действием, безусловно, заслуживает внимания и требует дальнейшего изучения. В статье подчеркивается необходимость проведения крупных рандомизированных исследований, посвященных терапии обсессивно-компульсивного расстройства, индуцированного АВП, в частности клозапином.

Ключевые слова

обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство, обсессия, компульсия, клозапин, антипсихотики второго поколения

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